Efficiency Increase Models of Two-Level Echelon Logistic Systems

Closed Loop Two-Echelon Repairable Item Systems

In this paper we consider closed loop two-echelon repairable item systems with repair facilities both at a number of local service centers (called bases) and at a central location (the depot). The goal of the system is to maintain a number of production facilities (one at each base) in optimal operational condition. Each production facility consists of a number of identical machines which may f...

Exact Analysis of Capacitated Two-Echelon Inventory Systems with Priorities

W consider a two-echelon inventory system with a capacitated centralized production facility and several distribution centers (DCs). Both production and transportation times are stochastic with general distributions. Demand arrives at each DC according to an independent Poisson process and is backlogged if the DC is out of stock. We allow different holding and backlog costs at the different DCs...

Models and Cuts for the Two-Echelon Vehicle Routing Problem

In Multi-Echelon Vehicle Routing Problems the delivery from one or more depots to the customers is managed by routing and consolidating the freight through intermediate depots, called satellites. This family of problems differs from Multi-Echelon Distribution Systems present in the literature. In the latter the attention is focused on the flow assignment among the levels only, while we also con...

Designing two-echelon supply networks

A modern distribution network design model needs to deal with the trade-offs between a variety of factors, including 1) location and associated (fixed) operating cost of Distribution Centers (DCs) as well as their contribution to total transportation cost; and 2) holding and fixed ordering costs at DCs and retail outlets, in order to minimize the costs of managing the cycle stocks. In addition,...

Flexible Two-Echelon Location Routing